Electric Vehicle Maintenance: What You Need to Know

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) in the UK represents a significant shift in automotive technology. With the government's commitment to phasing out new petrol and diesel cars by 2030, more drivers are making the switch to electric. However, many new EV owners are uncertain about maintenance requirements, as electric vehicles differ significantly from their combustion engine counterparts.

This comprehensive guide will help you understand the key aspects of EV maintenance to ensure your vehicle remains in optimal condition for years to come.

How Electric Vehicles Differ from Conventional Cars

Before diving into maintenance specifics, it's important to understand the fundamental differences between EVs and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles:

These differences result in EVs generally requiring less regular maintenance than conventional vehicles, but they do have their own specific needs that shouldn't be overlooked.

Battery Maintenance and Maximizing Lifespan

The battery is the heart of an electric vehicle and typically the most expensive component. Proper care can significantly extend its lifespan.

Optimal Charging Practices

How you charge your EV can have a substantial impact on battery health:

Temperature Management

Battery performance and longevity are significantly affected by temperature:

In cold weather, preheat your vehicle while still connected to the charger to minimize battery drain. During summer, park in shade when possible to prevent excessive heat exposure, particularly during charging.

Most modern EVs have thermal management systems that maintain optimal battery temperatures, but these systems work best when the vehicle is plugged in, even if not actively charging.

Battery Health Monitoring

Most EVs provide battery health information through the dashboard or companion app. Pay attention to:

• State of health (SoH) percentage, which indicates capacity relative to when new
• Unexpected range reductions not explained by weather or driving style
• Charging speed reductions compared to when the vehicle was new

If you notice concerning changes, consult with a specialist EV service center for diagnostics.

Brake System Maintenance

Electric vehicles utilize regenerative braking, which recaptures energy during deceleration. This has significant implications for the traditional friction braking system.

Regenerative Braking Effects

The regenerative braking system uses the electric motor as a generator when slowing down, which means:

• Friction brakes are used less frequently compared to conventional vehicles
• Brake pads and discs typically last longer
• Brake systems can develop issues from underuse, including corrosion

Required Maintenance

Despite reduced wear, EV brakes still need regular attention:

• Annual brake fluid changes are recommended, as the fluid absorbs moisture over time regardless of use
• Regular inspections for caliper corrosion or seizure
• Occasional "brake cleaning" drives, using friction brakes more actively to clear surface rust

During service, technicians should check for unusual pad wear patterns that might indicate caliper issues.

Cooling System Maintenance

Electric vehicles require effective cooling systems for the battery, motor, and power electronics.

System Types

EVs typically use one of three cooling approaches:

1. Air cooling (less common in newer models)
2. Liquid cooling (most common in current EVs)
3. Refrigerant cooling (used in some high-performance EVs)

Maintenance Requirements

For liquid-cooled systems:

• Coolant should be checked and replaced according to manufacturer schedules (typically every 3-5 years)
• Cooling system integrity should be inspected annually for leaks or damage
• Radiators and cooling fins should be kept clean from debris

Tire Maintenance

Tires are a critical maintenance item for electric vehicles, with some important differences from conventional vehicles.

EV-Specific Considerations

• EVs are typically heavier than equivalent ICE vehicles due to battery weight
• Electric motors deliver instant torque, which can increase tire wear
• Tire condition directly impacts energy efficiency and range

Maintenance Best Practices

Electrical System and Software

Modern EVs are essentially computers on wheels, with complex electrical systems and software that require maintenance.

Software Updates

Unlike conventional vehicles, EVs receive regular software updates that can improve functionality, efficiency, and even add new features:

• Check regularly for available updates (many vehicles offer automatic notifications)
• Ensure updates are installed promptly, particularly those affecting safety or battery management
• Follow manufacturer instructions for update procedures (some require the vehicle to be parked and plugged in)

12-Volt Battery System

Even electric vehicles have a traditional 12-volt battery to power accessories and enable the main high-voltage system to activate:

• The 12-volt battery can still fail and requires periodic checks
• Typical lifespan is 3-5 years, similar to conventional vehicles
• Symptoms of 12-volt battery issues include unusual warning lights or inability to "start" the vehicle

Scheduled Maintenance Guide for EVs

While maintenance needs are reduced compared to ICE vehicles, a regular schedule is still essential:

Always refer to your specific vehicle's owner manual for the manufacturer's recommendations, as maintenance needs can vary between makes and models.

Finding Qualified EV Service Providers

Not all service centers are equally equipped to maintain electric vehicles. When choosing a service provider:

• Verify they have EV-specific training and certification
• Ensure they have the proper diagnostic equipment for your vehicle
• Check if they have experience with your specific make and model
• Ask about their knowledge of high-voltage safety procedures

At AutoCare Specialists, our technicians are certified in electric vehicle maintenance and use manufacturer-approved diagnostic tools to ensure your EV receives proper care.

Conclusion

While electric vehicles generally require less maintenance than their combustion engine counterparts, they still need regular care to maximize performance, efficiency, and longevity. By following the guidelines in this article, you can ensure your EV remains in optimal condition for years to come.

The transition to electric vehicles represents not just a change in power source, but a shift in how we think about vehicle maintenance. As the technology continues to evolve, so too will maintenance practices. Staying informed about your specific vehicle's needs is the best approach to EV ownership.